PT
Perseroan Terbatas (limited liability company) · Legal entities · 261,146 companies in our corpus
A legal entity whose capital is divided into shares. A shareholder risks only what they paid for their shares, and that is the main reason this form is chosen.
At a glance
- Legal status
- Legal entity
- Founders
- At least 2 founders (individuals or entities)
- Capital
- No statutory minimum; set by the founders, of which 25% of authorised capital must be subscribed and fully paid
- Liability
- Limited to the value of the shares taken
- Organs
- Shareholders’ meeting, board of directors, board of commissioners
- Registration
- Notarial deed, then ministerial approval via AHU
What it means
- A PT is its own legal person: it holds property, debt, bank accounts and licences in its own name, separate from its owners.
- A shareholder is liable only up to the value of their shares. That limit falls away if the company is used for private ends, if personal and company assets are mixed, or if the shareholder took part in an unlawful act by the company.
- Ownership moves by transferring shares, leaving the business itself untouched — which is why this is the only form outside investment realistically goes into.
- Major decisions are taken by the shareholders’ meeting (RUPS), carried out by the board of directors and supervised by the board of commissioners. All three are mandatory.
How to set one up
- Reserve the name in the Ministry of Law’s AHU system: three words, Latin script, not already taken.
- Have a notary draw up the deed of establishment in Indonesian — founders, capital, officers and articles of association.
- The notary files the deed with AHU; the company becomes a legal entity only when the ministerial approval (SK pengesahan) is issued.
- Register the company’s tax number (NPWP), then obtain the NIB in OSS together with the business licence matching the risk level of the KBLI codes chosen.
- Add the sector permits and, where the activity requires it, environmental approval and the building certificates (PBG/SLF).
What it obliges you to do
- An annual general meeting must be held within six months of the close of the book year, with an annual report signed by every director and commissioner.
- Bookkeeping is mandatory. Financial statements must be audited if assets reach Rp50 billion, if the company raises public funds, issues debt securities, is a public company, or is state-owned.
- Tax runs all year: corporate income tax, employee withholding, and VAT once turnover passes Rp4.8 billion and the company is registered for it.
- An investment activity report (LKPM) is filed periodically through OSS for as long as the business licence is active.
- Dividends may only be paid out of positive retained earnings, and only once the mandatory reserve reaches 20% of issued capital.
- Every change of articles, officers or address has to be re-filed with AHU — an internal minute is not enough.
When to choose it
Choose a PT when someone else’s money is coming in, when you will bid for large contracts, or when personal assets have to be kept clear of business risk. A single founder whose business is still micro or small gets the same liability limit from a PT Perorangan without a notary.
Need help with the bookkeeping?
Bookkeeping and tax filing are obligations that run every year, not a task you finish when the business is registered.
Bookkeepers, accountants and tax consultants across Indonesia
The rules this summarises
- Law 40/2007 on Limited Liability Companies, as amended by Law 6/2023
- Government Regulation 8/2021 on company capital and the registration of incorporation, changes and dissolution
A summary of the rules in force, not legal advice. Rules and thresholds change — check with the relevant authority before you register.
Other business forms
Micro, small, medium, large: the rupiah thresholds and what changes in each class.